Aportes de la entomología forense a la reconstrucción victimológica y criminológica de muertes violentas

Lilian Viviana Moreno Galeano; Lisseth Alexandra Minchala Espinoza; Jefferson Romeo Arcentales Espinoza; María Emilia  Montero Gutiérrez

doi:10.59602/cys.v4i3.84

Autores/as

Lilian Viviana Moreno Galeano Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6787-8756
Lisseth Alexandra Minchala Espinoza Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0807-8708
Jefferson Romeo Arcentales Espinoza Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8347-5329
María Emilia Montero Gutiérrez Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8699-6735

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59602/cys.v4i3.84

Palabras clave:

entomología forense, intervalo post mortem, criminología, victimización, homicidio

Resumen

La entomología forense constituye una herramienta útil para reconstruir muertes violentas cuando el cuerpo es hallado en fases avanzadas de descomposición. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar estos aportes a la reconstrucción victimológica y criminológica, considerando la estimación del intervalo post mortem mínimo, condiciones de exposición u ocultamiento, posibles traslados y contexto de victimización. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, con enfoque cualitativo-documental, a partir de 30 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2026. La información se organizó mediante una matriz de extracción y una síntesis temática en seis ejes. Los resultados mostraron que el desarrollo y la sucesión de insectos contribuyen a establecer un límite temporal mínimo, aunque su interpretación depende de la temperatura, la humedad, el sustrato, la especie y la calidad del muestreo. La evidencia también aporta indicios sobre acceso, ocultamiento, posición corporal, posible traslado y exposición a sustancias. Su valor probatorio aumenta cuando converge con la autopsia, la criminalística y el análisis de la escena. Se concluye que la entomología forense amplía la reconstrucción de muertes violentas, pero requiere interpretación prudente, validación regional y mayor investigación aplicada en Ecuador.

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