Pruebas de validez en evaluación neuropsicológica forense en adultos: revisión sistemática

Crhystelle Elena Ortiz Vidal; Erick Valarezo

doi:10.59602/cys.v4i2.66

Autores/as

Crhystelle Elena Ortiz Vidal Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5483-8693
Erick Valarezo Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-9228

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59602/cys.v4i2.66

Palabras clave:

neuropsicología forense, validez del rendimiento, validez de síntomas, simulación, evaluación neuropsicológica

Resumen

Las evaluaciones neuropsicológicas en contextos forenses requieren herramientas que permitan valorar la credibilidad del desempeño cognitivo y de los síntomas informados. En este marco, las pruebas de validez del rendimiento (PVT) y las pruebas de validez de los síntomas (SVT) se emplean para identificar respuestas no creíbles o clínicamente improbables. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre las principales PVT y SVT utilizadas en población adulta en contextos forenses, médico-legales y clínico-forenses. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a la guía PRISMA 2020, efectuando búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science para el periodo 2015-2026 y se incluyeron 14 estudios. Los hallazgos muestran el uso frecuente de instrumentos como el Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), el Word Memory Test (WMT), el Reliable Digit Span (RDS), el Groningen Effort Test (GET) y el IOP-29, además de indicadores embebidos y enfoques multimétodo. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que la integración de varios indicadores de validez fortalece la interpretación de los hallazgos en la evaluación neuropsicológica forense.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Aguilar, C., Bailey, C., Karyadi, K. A., Kinney, D. I., & Nitch, S. R. (2021). Performance validity testing in hospitalized monolingual Spanish-speaking forensic patients. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 30(3), 314–320.

https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2021.1970555

Boone, K. B. (2007). Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological perspective. Guilford Press.

Bosso, T., Vischia, F., Keller, R., Vai, D., Imperiale, D., & Vercelli, A. (2022). A case report and literature review of cognitive malingering and psychopathology. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 981475. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.981475

Erdodi, L. A. (2023). Multivariate models of performance validity: The Erdodi Index captures the dual nature of non-credible responding. Assessment, 30(5), 1467–1485. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221101910

Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Merten, T., Fathollah Gol, M., & Tucha, O. (2024). Symptom validity testing in adults with clinically diagnosed ADHD: Comparison of the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 46(8), 693–706. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2024.2411365

Giromini, L., Young, G., & Sellbom, M. (2022). Assessing negative response bias using self-report measures: New articles, new issues. Psychological Injury and Law, 15, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-022-09444-2

Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G. J., & Millis, S. R. (2009). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology consensus conference statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(7), 1093–1129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040903155063

Laera, D., Pignolo, C., Barbara, G., Carucci, M., Giromini, L., Erdodi, L. A., Pasqualini, S., Lorenzoni, A., Zennaro, A., & Chiloiro, D. (2025). An Inventory of Problems (IOP) study of symptom and performance validity in a sample of driver’s license renewal or reinstatement applicants. Psychological Injury and Law, 18, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-025-09530-1

Larrabee, G. J. (2012). Performance validity and symptom validity in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18(4), 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617712000240

Liu, C., Lu, Q., Rao, G., Chen, X., Liang, M., & Liu, Z. (2024). Malingering assessment after severe traumatic brain injury in forensic psychology with a potential embedded symptom validity indicator of Symptom Checklist 90. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1320636. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1320636

Marcopulos, B. A., Kaufmann, P., & Patel, A. C. (2024). Forensic neuropsychological assessment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 42(4), 265–277.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2656

McWhirter, L., Ritchie, C. W., Stone, J., & Carson, A. (2020). Performance validity test failure in clinical populations: A systematic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 91(9), 945–952. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323776

Messa, I., Holcomb, M., Lichtenstein, J. D., Tyson, B. T., Roth, R. M., & Erdodi, L. A. (2022). They are not destined to fail: A systematic examination of scores on embedded performance validity indicators in patients with intellectual disability. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54(5), 664–680.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2020.1865457

Nauta, I. M., Bertens, D., van Dam, M., Huiskamp, S., Driessen, S., Geurts, J. J. G., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Fasotti, L., Hulst, H. E., de Jong, B. A., & Klein, M. (2022). Performance validity in outpatients with multiple sclerosis and cognitive complaints. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 28(4), 642–653.

https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211025780

Neal, T. M. S., Martire, K. A., Johan, J. L., Mathers, E. M., & Otto, R. K. (2022). The law meets psychological expertise: Eight best practices to improve forensic psychological assessment. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 18, 169–192. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-050420-010148

Nussbaum, S. H., Ales, F., Giromini, L., Watson, M., & Erdodi, L. (2023). Cross-validating the Atypical Response Scale of the TSI-2 in a sample of motor vehicle collision survivors. Psychological Injury and Law, 16, 351–370.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-023-09487-z

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Rogers, R. (2018). Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (4th ed.). Guilford Press.

Sherman, E. M. S., Slick, D. J., Iverson, G. L., & Erdodi, L. A. (2020). Multidimensional malingering criteria for neuropsychological assessment: A 20-year update of the malingered neuropsychological dysfunction criteria. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 35(6), 735–764. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa019

Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M. S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.1076/clin.13.4.545.1744

Sweet, J. J., Heilbronner, R. L., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G. J., & Rohling, M. L. (2021). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) 2021 consensus statement on validity assessment: Update of the 2009 AACN consensus conference statement on neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 35(6), 1053–1106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2021.1896036

Teßmann, J., Fuermaier, A. B. M., Dandachi-FitzGerald, B., & Lehrner, J. (2025). The utility of an attention-based performance validity test in a sample of Austrian early retirement claimants. Psychological Injury and Law, 18, 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-025-09544-9

Varela, J. L., Ord, A. S., Phillips, J. I., Shura, R. D., & Sautter, S. W. (2022). The development and validation of the embedded validity indicator for the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 37, 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab025

Young, G. (2014). Malingering, feigning, and response bias in psychiatric/psychological injury: Implications for practice and court. Springer.