Consecuencias psicopatológicas asociadas a la exposición a violencia intrafamiliar durante la infancia: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59602/cys.v4i2.68Palabras clave:
violencia intrafamiliar, infancia, consecuencias psicopatológicas, salud mental, revisión sistemáticaResumen
El objetivo del artículo fue analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre las consecuencias psicopatológicas asociadas a la exposición a violencia intrafamiliar durante la infancia, a partir de estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2025. Para ello, se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de evidencia mixta que integró estudios empíricos primarios, siguiendo las directrices de la declaración PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed, aplicando criterios explícitos de inclusión y exclusión y un proceso de selección transparente que permitió conformar un corpus final de diecisiete estudios. La información fue extraída mediante esquemas estandarizados y organizada según variables metodológicas y clínicas relevantes. Los resultados muestran que la exposición temprana a violencia intrafamiliar se asocia consistentemente con diversas consecuencias psicopatológicas, entre las que destacan síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés postraumático, dificultades de regulación emocional, alteraciones conductuales y afectaciones en el funcionamiento neuropsicológico. Se identificaron trayectorias de riesgo a largo plazo, incluyendo problemas relacionales y procesos de revictimización en etapas posteriores del desarrollo. Los hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas tempranas, con enfoque integral y sensible al trauma, orientadas a mitigar los efectos psicológicos persistentes de la violencia intrafamiliar en la infancia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Julia Augusta Oña Cedeño, Erick Gabriel Valarezo Guzmán
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
